Primary source: Springmann M, Auclair O, Bajaj S, Burke T, Caleffi S, Hennessy D, Rawden J, Schubring M. Many diets for many people: planetary health diets and their health and environmental impacts at global, regional, national, and demographic levels. Preprint, not yet peer reviewed. Research Square lists its status as Under Review at Nature Portfolio (2025). Zenodo: 10.5281/zenodo.17079404, Research Square: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6474232/v1. Part of the second EAT-Lancet Commission (The Lancet, 2025). Licence CC BY 4.0.

Data source: the study's official tool, planetary_health_diets, version 1.0.1, reference year 2020. All values read on 19 July 2026 with the settings: Compare across diets, Change in mortality (attributable deaths), attribution Cause, all adults, both sexes, Adjusted to preferences, activity level Current unless otherwise stated. Totals were calculated by us from the tool's table values.

Air quality: Springmann M et al. The global and regional air quality impacts of dietary change. Nature Communications 14, 6227 (2023). DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41789-3.

Commission report: EAT-Lancet Commission on healthy, sustainable, and just food systems. The Lancet (2025). DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(25)01201-2. The figures 15 million and 27 percent in the section above are the Commission's, but rest on Gu X, Bui LP, Wang F, Wang DD, Springmann M, Willett WC. Global adherence to a healthy and sustainable diet and potential reduction in premature death. PNAS 2024;121(50):e2319008121. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2319008121. That paper states that the 15 million corresponds to 27 percent of all deaths in 2019.

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